The monumental rock-cut facądes of the tenth to eleventh century-mansions-so-called courtyard complexes-in Cappadocia, central Turkey, are rare examples of secular Byzantine architecture. While these symmetrically designed ...

Paul Lucas, who visited Cappadocia in the early eighteenth century, claimed that the “strange carved spaces in the volcanic cones were the hermitages of Byzantine monks” (1) (2), which was echoed by the early European ...