In extremely strong turbulent horizontal atmospheric optical links, field correlations of flat-topped Gaussian incidence are evaluated. Field correlations are represented versus the diagonal distance at the receiver plane, ...

A tensor method is used to formulate the on-axis scintillation index for an elliptical Gaussian beam (EGB; astigmatic Gaussian beam) propagating in a weak turbulent atmosphere. Variations of the on-axis scintillation of ...

In a strongly turbulent medium, the scintillation index of flat-topped Gaussian beams is derived and evaluated. In the formulation, unified solution of Rytov method is utilized. Our results correctly reduce to the existing ...

The scintillation index, arising from the intensity fluctuations in weak atmospheric turbulence of annular beams whose individual components are incoherent, is formulated. For such beams whose annularities are obtained by ...