The average bit error rate (BER) of multi-Gaussian beams in non-Kolmogorov weak turbulence is examined. For each specific incidence of annular and flat-topped optical beam, a power law of non-Kolmogorov spectrum is found ...

In this paper, the optical transmittance and bit error rate (BER) of focused and collimated laser beams are experimentally examined in an underwater optical wireless communication link with different water types. The water ...

In an atmospheric medium that shows a non-Kolmogorov turbulence behavior, the variation of the on-axis scintillation index is evaluated when higher-order laser modes are used as the excitation. The Rytov method is employed ...