In an underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) link, power fluctuations over finite-sized collecting lens are investigated for a horizontally propagating Gaussian beam wave. The power scintillation index, also known ...

Multiple-input single-output (MISO) systems are employed in free space optical (FSO) links to mitigate the degrading effects of atmospheric turbulence. In this paper, we consider a MISO FSO system with practical transmitter ...

The fluctuation in the intensity, which is quantified by the scintillation index, is evaluated for cross beams when such beams propagate in an underwater medium experiencing turbulence. The variations in the scintillation ...

The parameters composing oceanic turbulence are the wavelength, link length, rate of dissipation of kinetic energy per unit mass of fluid, rate of dissipation of mean-squared temperature, Kolmogorov microscale, and the ...

Scintillation index of Hermite Gaussian beams used for air vehicle communication systems in vertical paths of weak atmospheric turbulent medium are investigated by employing the modified Rytov method. By evaluating the ...

Employing the Rytov solution, the scintillation index at the origin of the receiver plane is evaluated in non-Kolmogorov weak atmospheric turbulence when multimode laser incidence is used. The solution presented can be ...

Scintillation index of spherical wave in strongly turbulent oceanic medium is evaluated. In the evaluation, modified Rytov solution and our recent formulation that expresses the oceanic turbulence parameters by the atmospheric ...

Scintillation index of partially coherent multi-Gaussian array beams is analytically derived and numerically evaluated in extremely strong atmospheric turbulence. In the evaluations, partially coherent annular array and ...

Theory of optical turbulence in underwater medium and the effects of underwater turbulence on various applications done in underwater or under ocean are reviewed. A detailed survey of underwater turbulence studies in ...