Average transmittance of multi-Gaussian (flat-topped and annular) optical beams in an anisotropic turbulent ocean is examined analytically based on the extended Huygens-Fresnel principle. Transmittance variations depending ...

The investigation focuses on studying the propagation characteristics of multimode lasers in the turbulent amosphere. By employing the Huygens-Fresnel integral, we develop analytical formulations for various propagation ...