We present an algorithm for determining the existence of a Hopf bifurcation of a system of delayed reaction-diffusion equations with the Neumann boundary conditions. The conditions on parameters of the system that a Hopf ...

This study aims to present a complete Hopf bifurcation analysis of a model describing the relationship between prey and predator. A ratio-dependent reaction–diffusion system with two discrete time delays operating under ...

In this paper, we discuss the complex dynamical behavior of a discrete Lotka–Volterra type predator–prey model including refuge effect. The model considered is obtained from a continuous-time population model by utilizing ...