We present a semi-analytic approach to the solution of the quadruple Huygens-Fresnel integral which is used to calculate the average receiver intensity of a source beam after it has propagated in a turbulent atmosphere. ...

The scintillation index of a J (n) -Bessel-Gaussian beam of any order propagating in turbulent atmosphere is derived and numerically evaluated at transverse cross-sections with the aid of a specially designed triple integral ...

The scintillation index is formulated for modified Bessel-Gaussian beams propagating in weakly turbulent media. Numerical calculations applied directly to the derived triple integral show that, for off-axis positions, the ...