Numerical and experimental modelling of flow at Tyrolean weirs

Abstract

In this study, a small-scaled Tyrolean weir model was constructed in the laboratory environment and a series of experiments were conducted on it, for two different rack inclinations (θ1 = 18° and θ2 = 25°) and three different bar spacings (e1 = 3 mm, e2 = 6 mm and e3 = 10 mm) for a range of upstream flow discharges. The flow rates passing through the racks and going downstream over the racks were measured. Empirical equations for the discharge coefficient and water capture capacity of the Tyrolean weirs were determined by applying dimensional analysis to the parameters involved in the phenomenon. The related dimensionless parameters were presented with graphs and empirical equations for discharge coefficients were derived, coefficient of determination R2 of equations for θ1 = 18° and θ2 = 25° are found 0.838 and 0.825 respectively. According to results obtained from experimental data, Cd increases as the Froude number ((Fr)e) between bars increases and water capture capacity [(qw)i/(qw)T] of the racks decreases with increasing ((Fr)e). Also, a numerical model of the Tyrolean weir was generated by using Flow-3D software and it was shown that the results of the numerical analysis were very consistent with the physical model results at large bar spacing such as e = 10 mm. As the bar spacing (e) reduces, the success of the numerical model giving consistent results with physical model is decreasing. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd