Fibromyalgia and Depression within the Framework of Biopsychosocial Model

Abstract

In today’s world, many people suffer from disor—ders of musculoskeletal system including fibromyalgiasyndrome (FMS) leading to lower health-related qual—ity of life. Specifically, the development of criteria forthe syndrome was formed as ‘fibrositis’ by Smythe andMoldofsky in 1977. Then, the 1990 American College ofRheumatology (ACR) classification was expanded toset of criteria including tender points and decreased painthreshold (Wolfe Hauser, 2011). FMS is characterizedby generalized bodily pain and sensitivity at 11 of 18tender points, chronic widespread pain, fatigue and sleepdisturbance during at least months. Besides, tender—ness, rigidity, mood disturbances including depression oranxiety, and some cognitive difficulties such as trouble inconcentrating, forgetfulness, and disorganized thinkingare experienced by the most of patients (Arnold, Clauw,McCarberg, 2011).