Structure and energetic of Bn (n 2–12) clusters: electronic structure calculations

Abstract

The electronic and geometric structures, total and binding energies, first and second energy differences, harmonic frequencies, point symmetries, and highest occupied molecular orbital–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO–LUMO) gaps of small and neutral Bn (n 2–12) clusters have been investigated using density functional theory (DFT), B3LYP with 6-311G(d,p) basis set. Linear, planar, convex, quasi-planar, three-dimensional (3D) cage, and open-cage structures have been found. None of the lowest energy structures and their isomers has an inner atom; i.e., all the atoms are positioned at the surface. Within this size range, the planar and quasi-planar (convex) structures have the lowest energies. The first and the second energy differences are used to obtain the most stable sizes. A simple growth path is also discussed with the studied sizes and isomers. The results have been compared with previously available theoretical and experimental works