Solitons in magnetized plasma with electron inertia under weakly relativistic effect

Abstract

In this relativistic consideration, the energy integral unlike others has been derived in a weakly relativistic plasma in terms of Sagdeev potential. Both compressive and rarefactive subsonic solitary waves are found to exist, depending on wave speeds in various directions of propagation. It is found that compressive relativistic solitons have potential depths that are higher than non-relativistic solitons in all directions of propagation, allowing for the presence of denser plasma particles in the potential well. Furthermore, it shows how compressive soliton amplitude grows as the propagation direction gets closer to the magnetic field's direction.