Abstract:
Autism spectrum disorder, one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, is a lifelong
condition, especially with difficulties in social communication, limited interest, and repetitive
behavior. Working memory, as a basic executive function, is a cognitive process also associated
with impulse control, inhibition, organization, mental flexibility, focusing on one's attention,
planning, responding to new situations, initiating and monitoring actions, problem solving, and
goal-directed behaviors. Studies suggest that working memory impairments are associated with
repetitive behaviors, and the risk for academic failure observed in autism spectrum disorder, and
other neurodevelopmental disorders. From this point of view, working memory deficits are often
found in neurodevelopmental disorders, especially in autism spectrum disorder. In the current
study, following an introduction to autism and working memory, working memory functions
associated with autism spectrum disorder were reviewed in detail. In this context, brain imaging
studies highlighting the importance of frontal lobe functions, links between repetitive behaviors
and working memory, and age differences in working memory functions were summarized. Next,
working memory deficits in other neurodevelopmental disorders, such as attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and pervasive developmental disorder were discussed in comparison
with autism. Finally, the conclusion part of the current review tried to provide a contribution to
future studies.
